THE INFLUENCE OF THE INDIAN OCEAN DIPOLE (IOD) PHENOMENON ON SEA SURFACE TEMPERATURE AND CHLOROPHYLL-A IN THE SUNDA STRAIT

Nadia Firmanda Nur Hasanah, Arie Antasari Kushadiwijayanto, Apriansyah Apriansyah

Abstract


The Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) interannual ocean-atmosphere anomaly phenomenon impacts marine ecology in the Sunda Strait region. This study aims to analyze the influence of IOD on sea surface temperature (SST) and chlorophyll-a (Chl-a) in the Sunda Strait. Monthly time series data from 2006-2020 (15 years) were obtained from Copernicus Marine Service, and analyzed using Pearson Correlation, Cross Wavelet Transform (XWT), and Wavelet Coherence Transform (WTC) methods. The results showed that for 15 years (2006-2020) the ranged from 27.63°C-30.55°C and Chl-a ranged from 0.082 mg.L-1- 3.611 mg.L-1. In the Western Season (JJA) and Transitional I (MAM), SST tends to be warm and Chl-a is low, while in the Eastern Season (DJF) and Transitional II (SON) SST tends to be cold and Chl-a is high. During IOD+, SST relatively low and Chl-a is high, while during IOD-, SST tends to be high and Chl-a is low.While Pearson correlation shows weak global linear relationships for SST-IOD (r = -0.2627) and Chl-a-IOD (r = 0.3794), XWT and WTC analyses reveal significant localized coherence in the time–frequency domain. These results are complementary rather than contradictory; wavelet-based methods capture transient, non-stationary interactions during specific periods and scales that global linear correlations fail to detect. The results of XWT and WTC analysis show a strong relationship between SST and Chl-a to the IOD.


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DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.20884/1.oa.2026.22.1.1243

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