The Masculinization of Guppy Poecilia reticulata (Peters. 1859) Using Tribulus terrestris (Linnaeus, 1753) Extract Through Immersion of Pregnant Female Broodstock and Larvae
Abstract
The technology of sex reversal in guppy (Poecilia reticulata) cultivation is a way to produce monosex males through masculinization techniques. Utilization of Tribulus terrestris (ETT) extract can be used for a lower cost and is environmentally friendly. This study aims to examine the effect of giving Tribulus terrestris extract on masculinization of guppies by immersing pregnant female mothers and in the larval stage. The research design for sex reversal with pregnant sows used a completely randomized design (CRD) and for guppies in larval stages used a randomized block design (RBD). The treatment for immersion with pregnant mothers was K- without ETT and 17alpha-methyltestosterone, K+ treatment with 17alpha-methyltestosterone 500 microgram/L, P1 with 5 mg/L ETT dose, P2 with 10 mg/L ETT dose, and P3 with 10 mg/L ETT dose. ETT 15 mg/L. The treatment for immersion in the larval stage was K- without ETT and 17alpha-methyltestosterone, K+ treatment with a dose of 17alpha-methyltestosterone 8 mg/L, P1 with an ETT dose of 2.5 mg/L, P2 with an ETT dose of 5 mg/L, and P3 with an ETT dose of 10 mg/L. Tribulus terrestris extract has an effect on masculinization of guppies by immersing pregnant sows with the best treatment P3 at a dose of 15 mg/L. Then, the growth performance of guppy fish larvae was affected by the administration of Tribulus terrestris extract, but there was no difference in the dose.
Full Text:
PDFReferences
Ahmed, I., Reshi, Q. M., & Fazio, F. 2020. The influence of the endogenous and exogenous factors on hematological parameters in different fish species: a review. Aquaculture International 28: 869-899. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10499-019-00501-3.
Alam, M., Abbas, K., Zehra, Z., & Kamil, F. 2024. Genetic advancement, global trade dynamics, persistent challenges and future prospects in ornamental fish culture. Asian Journal of Research in Zoology 7(1): 32-46. https://doi.org/10.9734/ajriz/2024/v7i1138.
Bisht, M., Kumar, A., & Shah, T. K. 2020. Effect of Moringa oleifera leaf powder on skin mucosal immune responses and growth performance of guppy, Poecilia reticulata (Peter, 1860). Aquaculture Research 51(12): 4984-4990. https://doi.org/10.1111/are.14834.
Cek, S., Turan, F., & Atik, E. 2007. Masculinization of convict chiclid (Chiclosoma nigrofasciatum) by immersion in Tribulus terrestris extract. Journal International Aquaculture 15(2): 109-119. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10499-006-9071-0.
Direktorat Jenderal Perikanan Budidaya. 2021. Ikan Hias Sebagai Pemantik Pembangunan Perikanan Budidaya Berbasis Ekspor. https://kkp.go.id/djpb/- artikel/37290-ikan-hias-sebagai-pemantik-pembangunan-perikanan-budi- daya-berbasis-ekspor. Diakses pada tanggal 5 Januari 2022.
Do, J., Choi, S., Choi, J., & Hyun, J. S. 2013. Effects and mechanism of action of a Tribulus terrestris extract on penile erection. Korean journal of urology 54(3): 183. https://doi.org/10.4111/kju.2013.54.3.183
Farias, R. D. S., Oliveira, K. R. D. S., Souza, M. E. D., Ferreira, D. A., Silva, A. A. D. N., Silva Júnior, V. A. D., Dunham, R., & Coimbra, M. R. M. 2023. Effect of dosage of orally administered 17?-methyltestosterone on sex reversion of the yellowtail tetra Astyanax lacustris (Lütken, 1875). Animal Reproduction. 20, e20220080. Astyanax lacustris (Lütken, 1875). Animal Reproduction 20: e20220080. https://doi.org/10.1590/1984-3143-ar2022-0080.
Gharaei, A., Jorjani, H. E., Harijani, J. M., & Miandare, H. K. 2020. Effects of Tribullus terrestris extract on masculinization, growth indices, sex deteminationreversal and steroid hormones level in Zebra fish (Danio rerio). International Aquatic Research 12(1): 22.
Ghosal, I., & Chakraborty, S. B. 2020. Production of monosex all-male Nile tilapia using ethanol extract of Tribulus terrestris seeds. Proceedings of the Zoological Society 73(2): 188-191. New Delhi: Springer India.
Herdegen-Radwan, M. 2022. Can female guppies learn to like male colours? A test of the role of associative learning in originating sexual preferences. Proceedings of the Royal Society B 289(1972): 20220212.
Hassona, N. N., Zayed, M. M., Eltras, W. F., & Mohamed, R. A. 2020. Dietary supplementation of Tribulus terrestris extract improves growth and reproductive performances of the male Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). Aquaculture Research 51(10): 4245-4254. https://doi.org/10.1111/are.14767.
Himawati, A., Sri, H., & Tritiana, Y. 2018. Keberhasilan jantanisasi ikan rainbow (Melanotaenia sp.) dengan stadia yang berbeda melalui perendaman tepung testis sapi. Journal of Aquaculture Management and Technology 7 (1): 28-37.
Hutagalung, R. A. 2020. Pengaruh perbedaan metode sex reversal menggunakan tepung testis sapi terhadap maskulinisasi ikan nila merah (Oreochromis niloticus). Manfish Journal 1(1): 9-14. https://doi.org/10.31573/manfish.v1i01.39.
Iskandar Johan, T., & Hasby, M. 2021. Effectiveness of sialang forest honey in maleisation of the platy pedang fish (Xiphophorus sp.). Egyptian Journal of Aquatic Biology and Fisheries 25(1): 953-963. https://doi.org/10.21608/ejabf.2021.164361.
Kamaszewski, M., Skrobisz, M., Wójcik, M., Kawalski, K., Szczepa?ski, A., Bujarski, P., Szudrowicz, H., Herman, A. P., & Martynow, J. 2020. The role of transcription factors in gonad development and sex differentiation of a teleost model Fish—Guppy (Poecilia reticulata). Animals 10(12): 2401. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani10122401.
Kavitha, P. & Subraiman, P. 2011. Effect of Tribulus terrestris on monosex production in Poeciia latipina. Current Science 101(1): 100-104.
Kementrian Kelautan & Perikanan. 2014. Keputusan Menteri Kelautan dan Perikanan Republik Indonesia Nomor 52/Kepmen-KP/2014 tentang Klasifikasi Obat Ikan. Jakarta.
Lailatul., L., Budi, S. D., & Prayogo. 2016. Maskulinisasi ikan guppy (Poecilia reticulata) menggunakan testis sapi dengan metode perendaman induk bunting. Agroveteriner 5(1): 98-102.
Matter, A. F., W. S. Rasslam, E. I. Soror, E. K. Khalil, A. Kadah, and H. A. Youssef. 2024. Comparable to 17?- Methyl Testosterone, Dietary Supplements of Tribulus terrestris and Mucuna pruriens Promote the Development of Mono-Sex, All-Male Tilapia Fry, Growth, Survival Rate and Sex-Related Genes (Amh, Sox9, Foxl2, Dmrt1). BMC Veterinary Research 20 (1): 326. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12917-024-04162-0.
Motlagh, H. A., M. Banaee, D. Shahsavani, H. Nourani, A. Javadmanesh, and M. Sarkheil. 2025. “Growth Performance, Blood Biochemistry, Gene Expression, Gonad Histology, and Sexual Parameters in Common Carp (Cyprinus carpio) Fed Diets Supplemented With Tribulus terrestris Extract.” Aquaculture International 33: 318. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10499-025-02006-8.
Nowakowska, K., Giebu?towicz, J., Kamaszewski, M., Adamski, A., Szudrowicz, H., Ostaszewska, T., & Drobniewska, A. 2020. Acute exposure of zebrafish (Danio rerio) larvae to environmental concentrations of selected antidepressants: Bioaccumulation, physiological and histological changes. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part C: Toxicology & Pharmacology 229: 108670. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cbpc.2019.108670.
Nurlina, & Zulfikar. 2016. Pengaruh lama perendaman induk ikan guppy (Poecilia reticulate) dalam madu terhadap nisbah kelamin jantan (sex reversal) ikan guppy. Aquatic Sciences Journal 75-80. https://doi.org/10.29103/aa.v3i2.327.
Om, S., Holbech, H., Madsen, T. H., Norrgren, L., & Petersen, G. I. 2003. Gonad development and vitellogenin production in zebrafish (Dania rerio) exposed to ethinylestrad and methyltestosterone. Aquatic Toxicology 65 (4): 397-411.
Phelps, R. & Okoko, M. 2011. A non-paradoxical dose response to 17a• methyltestosterone by Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus (L.): effects on the sex ratio, growth and gonadal development. Aquaculture Research 42 (4): 549-558. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2109.2010.02650.x.
Rajendiran, P., Jaafar, F., Kar, S., Sudhakumari, C., Senthilkumaran, B., & Parhar, I. S. 2021. Sex determination and differentiation in teleost: roles of genetics, environment, and Brain. Biology 10(10), 973. https://doi.org/10.3390/biology10100973.
Ramos-Júdez, S., Chauvigné, F., González-López, W. Á., Rosenfeld, H., Cerdà, J., Giménez, I., & Duncan, N. 2020. Providing recombinant gonadotropin-based therapies that induce complete oogenesis and produce viable larvae from an immature teleost, flathead grey mullet (Mugil cephalus). bioRxiv 2020-06. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquaculture.2021.736418.
Ruell, E. W., Handelsman, C. A., Hawkins, C. L., Sofaer, H. R., Ghalambor, C. K., & Angeloni, L. 2013. Fear, food and sexual ornamentation: plasticity of colour development in Trinidadian guppies. Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 280(1758): 2012-2019. https://doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2012.2019.
Sanjaya, Y., Nurjhani, M., & Halimah, M. 2020. The use of black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens) (Linnaeus) as an alternative feed in Guppy fish (Poecilia reticulata). Journal of Entomological Research 44(3): 463-468. https://doi.org/10.5958/0974-4576.2020.00077.8.
Saputra, A., Wulandari, A., Ernawati, Yusuf, M.A., Eriswandy, I., & Hidayani, A.A. 2018. Penjantanan ikan gapi, Poecilia reticulata Peters, 1859 dengan pemberian ekstrak jeroan teripang pasir (Holothuria scabra). Jurnal Iktiologi Indonesia 18(2): 127-137. https://doi.org/10.32491/jii.v18i2.427.
Sarida, M., Putra., D. D. & Marsewi, H. S. Y. 2011. Produksi monoseks guppy (Poecilia reticulata) jantan dengan perendaman induk bunting dan larva dalam propolis berbagai aras dosis. Zoo Indonesia 20(2): 1-10.
Sarida, M., L. Lusiani, A. Y. Putri, Y. Elisdiana, and Y. T. Adiputra. 2025. Early Gonadal Differentiation, Sex Ratio, and Growth Performance of Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) With Tribulus terrestris Extract Supplementation. Journal of Aquaculture and Fish Health, 14 (1): 103–113. 10.20473/jafh.v14i1.62860.
Sasikumar, S., Eagappan, K., and Brindha, D. 2014. Qualitative characterization of solvent and cooked extracts of Tribulus terrestris L. Fruit. European Journal of Medicinal Plants 4(8): 907-919. https://doi.org/10.9734/ejmp/2014/8091.
Sarker, B., Das, B., Chakraborty, S., Hossain, M. A., Alam, M. M., Mian, S., & Iqbal, M. M. (2022). Optimization of 17?-methyltestosterone dose to produce quality mono-sex Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus. Heliyon, 8(12).: e12252, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e12252
Soumokil, A. W., Lumamuly, J. O., & Laimeheriwa, B. M. 2020. Masculinization of betta fish (Betta splendens) through natural honey immersion with different concentration. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 584(1): 012050.
Suseno, D. N., Luqman, E. M., Lamid, M., Mukti, A. T., & Suprayudi, M. A. 2020. Residual impact of 17?-methyltestosterone and histopathological changes in sex-reversed Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). Asian Pacific Journal of Reproduction 9(1): 37. https://doi.org/10.4103/2305-0500.275527.
Syarif, A. F., & Winardi, D. 2021. Maskulinisasi ikan guppy (Poecilia reticulata) menggunakan ekstrak daun mensirak (Ilex cymosa) melalui perendaman induk bunting. Jurnal Perikanan Unram 11(2): 232-242.
Warsono, A. I., Herawati, T., & Yustiati, A. 2017. Kelangsungan hidup dan pertumbuhan ikan betutu (Oxyeleotris marmorata) yang diberi pakan hidup dan pakan buatan di karamba jaring apung Waduk Cirata. Jurnal Perikanan Kelautan 8(1).
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.20884/1.oa.2025.21.1.1188
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Omni-Akuatika by Fisheries and Marine Science Faculty - Jenderal Soedirman University is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.