Effect of fish meal replacement with lentil seed (Lens culinaris) in common carp (Cyprinus carpio) L. diet
Abstract
The aim of this study was to see how replacing fish meal with lentil seeds (LS) as an alternative plant protein source in diets for common carp Cyprinus carpio affected growth performance, feed consumption, and the composition of the fish's proximate carcass. The fish (100-106 g mean initial weight) were fed 0% (LS0), 5% (LS5), 10% (LS10), 15% (LS15) and 20% (LS20) of Lentil seed protein for 10 weeks. With increasing fishmeal replacement with lentil seed in the fish diet, there was a significant (p<0.05) increase in weight gain, relative and specific growth rate. T5 (20% LS) had a significantly (p<0.05) higher feed efficiency ratio and protein efficiency ratio than the other treated groups. There were no significant (p<0.05) differences in the mean values of proximate composition of fish fillets, such as moisture, crude protein, crude lipid and ash. Finally, no significant differences in muscle ratio (weight without viscera vs. weight without viscera & head) were found. The current study found that lentil seed can replace 20% of dietary fish meal in common carp diets for better growth.
Keywords: lentil seed, fish meal, common carp, growth performance and feed utilization.
Full Text:
37-45References
Abdulrahman, N.M. 2014. Effect of replacing fishmeal with Spirulina spp. on carcass chemical composition of common carp Cyprinus carpio L. Iraqi Journal of Veterinary Science, 28 (2): 67-70.
Abdulrahman, N.M., Sleman, H.D., Muhammed Ramzi, D.O., Hama-Salih, H.A. 2020. Effect of Chlorella microalgae and germinated barley powder on performance, some health indices, and meat hygiene parameters of common carp (Cyprinus carpio). Basrah Journal of Veterinary Research, 19 (3): 218-231. Proceeding of the 17th International Conference. College of Veterinary Medicine. University of Basrah. Iraq.
Acar, Ü., Türker, A. 2018. The Effects of Using Peanut Meal in Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) Diets on the Growth Performance and Some Blood Parameters. Aquaculture Studies, 18 (2): 79-87.
Ahmed, V.M., Abdulrahman, N.M., HamaAmeen, S.A., Hassan, B.R., Abbas, A.K., Hussen, B.A., Hamad, I.Sh., Karem, S.A., Aziz, K.M. 2017. Impacts of Date Palm Seeds (Phoenix dactyliferous L.) on Growth Indices and Nutrient Utilization of Common Carp Cyprinus carpio L. Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology B, 7: 280-284.
Al-Thobaitia, A., Al-Ghanima, K., Ahmeda, Z., Sulimana, E.M., Mahbooba, S. 2018. Impact of replacing fish meal by a mixture of different plant protein sources on the growth performance in Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus L.) diets. Brazilian Journal of Biology, 78 (3): 525-534.
Anderson, D.M., MacPherson, M.J., Collins, S.A., MacIsaac, P.F. 2018. Yellow and brown seeded canola Brassica napus, camelina Camelina sativa and Ethiopian mustard (Brassica carinata) in practical diets for rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) fingerlings. Journal of Applied Aquaculture, 30 (2): 187–195.
AOAC. Official methods of analysis. 17-th ed. 2005. Washington, DC : Association of Official Analytical Chemists, pp. 2000-2200.
Bautista-Teruel, M.N., Fermin, A.C., Koshio, S.S. 2003. Diet development and evaluation for juvenile abalone, Haliotis asinina: animal and plant protein sources. Aquaculture, 219 (1): 645-653.
Bhatty, R.S. 1988. Composition and quality of lentil (Lens culinaris Medik): A review. Canadian Institute of Food Science and Technology Journal, 21: 144-160.
Bonaldo, A., Parma, L., Mandrioli, L., Sirri, R., Fontanillas, R., Badiani, A., Gatta, P.P. 2011. Increasing dietary plant proteins affects growth performance and ammonia excretion but not digestibility and gut histology in turbot (Psetta maxima) juveniles. Aquaculture, 318: 101-108.
Brown, M. E. 1957.Experimental Studies of Growth. In: Brown, M. E. (ed.) Physiology of Fishes. Vol. I. Academic Press, New York, 361-400.
Bullerwell, C.N., Collins, S.A., Lall, S.P., Anderson, D.M. 2016. Growth performance, proximate and histological analysis of rainbow trout fed diets containing Camelina sativa seeds, meal (high-oil and solvent-extracted) and oil. Aquaculture, 452: 342-350.
Cabral, E.M., Fernandes, T.J., Campos, S.D., Castro-Cunha, M., Oliveira, MB, Cunha, L.M., Valente, L.M.P. 2013. Replacement of fish meal by plant protein sources up to 75% induces good growth performance without affecting flesh quality in on growing Senegalese sole. Aquaculture, 380: 130-138.
FAO 2010. The State of World Fisheries and Aquaculture (SOFIA) FAO Fisheries and Aquaculture Department Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations Rome, Italy.
Folch, J., Lees, M., Sloane-Stanley, G.H. 1957. A simple method for the isolation and purification of total lipids from animal tissues. Journal of Biology & Chemistry, 226: 497-507.
Gajardo, K., Jaramillo-Torres, A., Kortner, T.M., Merrifield, D.L., Tinsley, J., Bakke, A.M., Krogdahl, Ã…. 2017. Alternative protein sources in the diet modulate microbiota and functionality in the distal intestine of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar). Applied and environmental microbiology, 83(5): 1-16.
Gatlin, D.M., Barrows, F.T., Brown, P., Dabrowski, K., Gaylord, T.G., Hardy, R.W., Herman, E. , Hu, G., Krogdahl, A., Nelson, R., Overturf, K., Rust, M., Sealey, W., Skonberg, D., Souza, E.J., Stone, D., Wilson, R., Wurtele, E. 2007. Expanding the utilization of sustainable plant products in aquafeeds: A review. Aquaculture Research, 38 (6): 551-579.
Guo, Y. 2016. Determination of the effects of corn, pea, lentil, and faba bean starches on the digestibility, growth performance, and glycemic indices in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). Master thesis, college of graduate studies and research, university of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon.
Hemre, G.I., Mommsen, T.P., Krogdahl, A. 2002. Carbohydrates in fish nutrition: effects of growth, glucose metabolism and hepatic enzymes. Aquaculture Nutrient, 8 (3): 175-194.
Hertrampf, J.W., Piedad-Pascual, F. 2012. Handbook on ingredients for aquaculture feeds. Springer Netherlands, 573pp.
Jiang, H.B., Chen, L.Q., Qin, J.G., Gao, L.J., Li, E.C., Yu, N., Sun, Sh.M., Jiang, X.Q. 2013. Partial or complete substitution of fish meal with soybean meal and cottonseed meal in Chinese mitten crab Eriocheir sinensis diets. Aquaculture International, 21: 617–628.
Kasiga, T., Brown, M.L. 2019. Replacement of fishmeal with processed carinata (Brassica carinata) seed meal in low animal protein diets of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss), Aquaculture Nutrition, 25 (4): 959–969.
Kaushik, S., Troell, M. 2010. Taking the fish-in fish-out ratio a step further. Aquaculture Europe, 35 (1): 15-17.
Kaushik, S.J., Covès, D., Dutto, G., Blanc, D. 2004. Almost total replacement of fishmeal by plant protein sources in the diet of a marine teleost, the European seabass, Dicentrarchus labrax. Aquaculture, 230: 391- 404.
Köprücü, K., Sertel, E. 2012. The effects of less-expensive plant protein sources replaced with soybean meal in the juvenile diet of grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella): growth, nutrient utilization and body composition. Aquaculture international, 20 (3): 399-412.
Koumi, A.R., Atse, B.C., Kouame, L.P. 2009. Utilization of soya protein as an alternative protein source in Oreochromis niloticus diet: Growth performance, feed utilization, proximate composition and organoleptic characteristics. African Journal of Biotechnology, 8 (1): 091-097.
Lagler. KF.1956. Fresh water Fishery Biology. W.C. Brown Company; Dubuque; IA; USA; pp. 131-135: 159-166.
Luo, Z., Li, X.D., Wang, W.M., Tan, X.Y., Liu, X. 2011. Partial replacement of fish meal by a mixture of soybean meal and rapeseed meal in practical diets for juvenile Chinese mitten crab Eriocheir sinensis: effects on growth performance and in vivo digestibility. Aquaculture Research, 42 (11): 1616-1622.
Mahboob, S. 2014. Replacing fish meal with a blend of alternative plant proteins and its effect on the growth performance of Catla catla and Hypophthalmichthys molitrix. Pakistan Journal of Zoology, 46 (3): 747-752.
Middleton, J.R., Kandaswami, C., Theoharides, T.C. 2000. The Effects of Plant Flavonoids on Mammalian Cells: Implications for Inflammation, Heart Disease, and Cancer. Pharmacological reviews, 52 (4): 673-751.
Minjarez-Osorio, C., Castillo-Alvarado, S., Gatlin, D.M., González-Félix, M.L., Perez-Velazquez, M., Rossi, W. 2016. Plant protein sources in the diets of the sciaenids red drum (Sciaenops ocellatus) and shortfin corvina (Cynoscion parvipinnis): A comparative study. Aquaculture, 453: 122-129.
NRC. National Research Council 1993. Nutrition requirements of fish. Nat. Acad. Press, Washington: 174 pp.
Radhakrishnan, S., Bhavan, P.S., Seenivasan, C., Muralissankar, T. 2016. Impact of fishmeal replacement with Arthrospira platensis on growth performance, body composition and digestive enzyme activities of the freshwater prawn, Macrobrachium rosenbergii. Aquaculture Research, 3: 35-44.
Rahman, M. M., Verdegem, M. C.J., Nagelkerke, L.A.J., Wahab, M.A., Verreth, J.A.J. 2008. Swimming, grazing and social behaviour of rohu Labeo rohita (Hamilton) and common carp Cyprinus carpio (L.) in tanks under fed and non-fed conditions. Applied Animal Behavior Science, 113 (1-3): 255-264.
Reigh, R.C. 2008. Underutilized and unconventional plant protein supplements in feeds for finfish. In: Alternative Protein Sources in Aquaculture Diets (ed. by C. Lim, C.D. Webster & C. Lee. The Haworth Press, New York, NY, USA. ), pp. 459–467
Salman, A.H., Alkhafaji, KH.A. 2020. Use of treated lentil lens culinaris with phytase enzyme in diets of common carp cyprinus carpio. Plant Archives, 20 (2): 941-944
Shepherd, C.J., Monroig, O., Tocher, D.R. 2017. Future availability of raw materials for salmon feeds and supply chain implications: The case of Scottish farmed salmon. Aquaculture, 467: 49–62
Sotolu, A.O., Faturoti, E.O. 2011. Growth performance and hematological effects of varying dietary processed Leucaena leucocephala seed meal in Clarias gariepinus (burchell, 1822) juveniles. Africa Journal of food agriculture nutrition and development, 11 (1): 4546-4557.
Turchini, G.M., Trushenski, J.T., Glencross, B.D. 2019. Thoughts for the future of aquaculture nutrition: realigning perspectives to reflect contemporary issues related to judicious use of marine resources in aquafeeds. North American Journal of Aquaculture 81: 13-39.
Tusche, K., Arning, S., Wuertz, S., Susenbeth, A., Schulz, C. 2012. Wheat gluten and potato protein concentrate - Promising protein sources for organic farming of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Aquaculture, 344–349: 120–125.
Uten, F. 1978. Standard methods and terminology in finfish nutrition. Pro. World Smp, Finfish Nutrition and Technology, 11: 20-23.
Vechklang, K., Boonanuntanasarn, S., Ponchunchoovong, S., Pirarat, N., Wanapu, C. 2011. The potential for rice wine residual as an alternative protein source in a practical diet for Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) at the juvenile stage. Aquaculture Nutrition, 17 (6): 685-694.
Yun, B., Xue, M., Wang, J., Sheng, H., Zheng, Y., Wu, X. 2014. Fishmeal can be totally replaced by plant protein blend at two protein levels in diets of juvenile Siberian sturgeon, Acipenser baerii Brandt. Aquaculture nutrition, 20 (1): 69-78.
Yürüten Özdemir, K., Yıldız, M. 2019. Effects of Dietary Fish Meal Replacement by Red Lentil Meal on Growth and Amino Acid Composition of Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Alnteri Journal of Agriculture Sciences, 34 (2): 194-203.
Zhang, H., Yi, L., Sun, R., Zhou, H., Xu, W. 2016. Effects of dietary citric acid on growth performance, mineral status and intestinal digestive enzyme activities of large yellow croaker Larimichthys crocea (Richardson, 1846) fed high plant protein diets. Aquaculture, 453: 147-153.
Zhou, Q.C., Yue, Y.R. 2010. Effect of replacing soybean meal with canola meal on growth, feed utilization and haematological indices of juvenile hybrid tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus×Oreochromis aureus. Aquaculture Research, 41 (7): 982-990.
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.20884/1.oa.2021.17.1.886
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Omni-Akuatika by Fisheries and Marine Science Faculty - Jenderal Soedirman University is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.