Viability Test of Hydrocarbonoclastic Bacteria Consortium Entrapted on Sawdust Material
Abstract
Oil spills in the sea are generally prevented in various ways, one of them is the bioaugmentation method through bacterial entrapment on sawdust carriers. The entrapment of bacteria is one of the bacterial immobilization techniques. The potential of bacterial consortium on sawdust is still not widely used, especially in long-term storage. The purpose of this study was to obtain the viability of hydrocarbonoclastic bacterial consortium on sawdust after 0, 7, and 41 days of storage. The bacterial consortium consists of Bacillus aquimaris, B. megaterium, B. pumilus, Halobacillus trueperi, and Rhodobacteraceae bacterium. The samples were tested by culturing the immobilized bacterial consortium of 0, 7, and 41 days on falcon tubes containing crude oil and seawater. The viability of the immobilized bacterial consortium was tested for 28 days (days 0, 7, 14, 21, and 28) by enriched the bacterial populations periodically. The viability test was also supported by the measurement of environmental parameters on the 1st day and the 28th day such as DO, pH, salinity and, temperature. The results show that bacterial consortium in all storage periods was viable on sawdust carriers which related to the high number of bacterial populations on the 28th day. The most viable bacterial consortium on sawdust was the 0-day storage (9.59 x 108 CFU/ml) which was indicated by the increases phase at the end of the day. It was proved that the bacteria are still productive and could degrade petroleum hydrocarbons.
Full Text:
PDFReferences
Adinugraha, B.S., Wijayaningrum, T.N. 2014. Rancangan Acak Lengkap dan Rancangan Acak Kelompok pada Bibit Ikan. Seminar Nasional Pendidikan, Fakultas Matematika dan Ilmu Pengetahuan Alam, Universitas Muhammadiyah Semarang.
Alexander, M.Al-wasify, R.S. & Hamed, S.R. 2016. Retracted: Bacterial biodegradation of crude oil using local isolates. In International Journal of Bacteriology. 2016:1–1. https://doi.org/10.1155/2016/6013871
Andilas, D.D. & Yanggana, L.A. 2017. Pelaksanaan program tol laut PT Pelayaran Nasional Indonesia. Jurnal Manajemen Transportasi dan Logistik. 4(1):1. https://doi.org/10.25292/j.mtl.v4i1.36
Atlas, R.M. 1981. Microbial degradation of petroleum hydrocarbons: an environmental perspective. Microbiological Reviews. 45(1):180–209. https://doi.org/10.1128/mr.45.1.180-209.1981
Bayat, Z., Hassanshahian, M. & Cappello, S. 2015. Immobilization of microbes for bioremediation of crude oil polluted environments: A mini review. The Open Microbiology Journal. 9:48–54. https://doi.org/10.2174/1874285801509010048
Darmayati, Y., Sanusi, H.S., Prartono, T., Santosa, D.A. & Ruyitno, R. 2015. The efficacy of bioaugmentation on remediating oil contaminated sandy beach using mesocosm approach (Efikasi tehnik bioaugmentasi dalam memulihkan pantai berpasir tercemar minyak menggunakan pendekatan mesokosm). Ilmu Kelautan: Indonesian Journal of Marine Sciences. 20(3):143. https://doi.org/10.14710/ik.ijms.20.3.143-152
Dzionek, A., Wojcieszyńska, D. & Guzik, U. 2016. Natural carriers in bioremediation: A review. Electronic Journal of Biotechnology. 23(28–36). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejbt.2016.07.003
Fernández-Calviño, D. & Bååth, E. 2010. Growth response of the bacterial community to pH in soils differing in pH. FEMS Microbiology Ecology. 73(1):149–156. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-6941.2010.00873.x
Graves, D.A., Lang, C.A. & Leavitt, M.E. 1991. Respirometric analysis of the biodegradation of organic contaminants in soil and water. Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology. 28–29(1):813–826. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02922652
Hassanshahian, M. & Cappello, S. 2013. Crude oil biodegradation in the marine environments. Biodegradation-Engineering and Technology. https://doi.org/10.5772/55554
Hasyimuddin, H., Natsir Djide, M. & Farid Samawi, M. 2016. Isolasi bakteri pendegradasi minyak solar dari perairan Teluk Pare-Pare. Biogenesis: Jurnal Ilmiah Biologi. 4(1):41–46. https://doi.org/10.24252/bio.v4i1.1119
Hazaimeh, M., Abd Mutalib, S., Abdullah, P.S., Kok Kee, W. & Surif, S. 2014. Enhanced crude oil hydrocarbon degradation by self-immobilized bacterial consortium culture on sawdust and oil palm empty fruit bunch. Annals of Microbiology. 64(4):1769–1777. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13213-014-0821-3
Komarawidjaja, W. 2016. Karakteristik dan pertumbuhan konsorsium mikroba lokal dalam media mengandung minyak bumi. Jurnal Teknologi Lingkungan. 10(1):114. https://doi.org/10.29122/jtl.v10i1.1510
Krachler, R.F., Krachler, R., Stojanovic, A., Wielander, B. & Herzig, A. 2009. Effects of pH on aquatic biodegradation processes. Biogeosciences Discussions. 6(1):491–514. https://doi.org/10.5194/bgd-6-491-2009
Nugroho, A. 2007. Dinamika populasi konsorsium bakteri hidrokarbonoklastik : Studi kasus biodegradasi hidrokarbon minyak bumi skala laboratorium (The dynamic population of the bacterial hydrocarbonoclastic concorsium in the crude oil sludge degradation ). Ilmu Dasar. 8(1):13–23.
Nugroho, A. 2010. Biodegradasi sludge minyak bumi dalam skala mikrokosmos: simulasi sederhana sebagai kajian awal bioremediasi land treatment. Makara of Technology Series. 10(2):82–89. https://doi.org/10.7454/mst.v10i2.427
Obuekwe, C.O. & Al-Muttawa, E.M. 2001. Self-immobilized bacterial cultures with potential for application as ready-to-use seeds for petroleum bioremediation. Biotechnology Letters. 23(13):1025–1032. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1010544320118
Okoro, C.C. 2010. Enhanced bioremediation of hydrocarbon contaminated mangrove swamp in the nigerian oil rich niger delta using seawater microbial inocula amended with crude biosurfactants and micronutrients. Nature and Science. 8(8):195–206.
Pande, V., Pandey, S.C., Sati, D., Pande, V. & Samant, M. 2020. Bioremediation: an emerging effective approach towards environment restoration. Environmental Sustainability. 3(1):91–103. https://doi.org/10.1007/s42398-020-00099-w
Patowary, K., Patowary, R., Kalita, M.C. & Deka, S. 2016. Development of an efficient bacterial consortium for the potential remediation of hydrocarbons from contaminated sites. Frontiers in Microbiology. 7:1–14. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2016.01092
Podorozhko, E.A., Lozinsky, V.I., Ivshina, I.B., Kuyukina, M.S., Krivorutchko, A.B., Philp, J.C. & Cunningham, C.J. 2008. Hydrophobised sawdust as a carrier for immobilisation of the hydrocarbon-oxidizing bacterium Rhodococcus ruber. Bioresource Technology. 99(6):2001–2008. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2007.03.024
Purnawan, A., Capriyanti, Y., Kurniatin, P. & Rahmani, N. 2015. Optimasi produksi enzim amilase dari bakteri laut Jakarta (Arthrobacter arilaitensis). Indonesian Journal of Biology. 11(2).
Puspitasari, I., Trianto, A. & Suprijanto, J. 2020. Eksplorasi bakteri pendegradasi minyak dari perairan pelabuhan Tanjung Mas, Semarang. Journal of Marine Research. 9(3):281–288.
Qin, X., Tang, J.C., Li, D.S. & Zhang, Q.M. 2012. Effect of salinity on the bioremediation of petroleum hydrocarbons in a saline-alkaline soil. Letters in Applied Microbiology. 55(3):210–217. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1472-765X.2012.03280.x
Safitriani., Thontowi, A., Yetti, E., Suryani. & Yopi. 2017. Pertumbuhan optimal bakteri laut Pseudomonas aeruginosa LBF-1-0132 dalam senyawa Piren. Jurnal Biologi Indonesia. 13(1):107–116. https://doi.org/10.47349/jbi/13012017/107
Setyonugroho, A. 2019. Kajian risiko penangulangan tumpahan minyak: Studi kasus di laut Jawa bagian Barat. Jurnal Pengelolaan Sumberdaya Alam Dan Lingkungan (Journal of Natural Resources and Environmental Management). 9(3):826–839. https://doi.org/10.29244/jpsl.9.1.826-839
Sihag Pathak, H. & Jaroli, D.S. 2014. Factors affecting the rate of biodegradation of polyaromatic hydrocarbons. International Journal of Pure & Applied Bioscience. 2(3):185–202.
Sopiah, N., Oktaviani, A., Sulistia, S., Suciati, F. & Aviantara, D. 2016. Isolasi dan identifikasi bakteri pendegradasi hidrokarbon yang berasal dari tanah tercemar minyak bumi. Jurnal Teknologi Lingkungan. 12(3):291. https://doi.org/10.29122/jtl.v12i3.1238
Spietz, R.L., Williams, C.M., Rocap, G. & Horner-Devine, M.C. 2015. A dissolved oxygen threshold for shifts in bacterial community structure in a seasonally hypoxic estuary. PLoS ONE. 10(8):1–18. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0135731
Suwedi, N. 2017. Model hubungan waktu terjadinya tumpahan minyak di suatu lokasi dengan bentuk sebarannya pada daerah terdampak. Jurnal Teknologi Lingkungan. 18(1):104–111.
Syakti, A.D., Yani, M., Hidayati, N.V., Siregar, A.S., Doumenq, P. & Made Sudiana, I.M. 2013. The bioremediation potential of hydrocarbonoclastic bacteria isolated from a mangrove contaminated by petroleum hydrocarbons on the cilacap coast, Indonesia. Bioremediation Journal. 17(1):11–20. https://doi.org/10.1080/10889868.2012.731446
Thamer, M., Al-Kubaisi, A.R., Zahraw, Z., Abdullah, H.A., Hindy, I. & Khadium, A.A. 2013. Biodegradation of kirkuk light crude oil by Bacillus thuringiensis, Northern of Iraq. Natural Science. 05(07):865–873. https://doi.org/10.4236/ns.2013.57104
Thapa, B., Ghimire, A. & Kumar, A. 2012. A review on bioremediation of petroleum hydrocarbon contaminants in soil. Kathmandu University Journal Of Science. 8(I):164–170.
Triana, E., Yulianto, E. & Nurhidayat, N. 2006. Viability of encapsulated Lactobacillus sp. Mar 8. Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity, 7(2):114–117. https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d070204
Yan, N., Marschner, P., Cao, W., Zuo, C. & Qin, W. 2015. Influence of salinity and water content on soil microorganisms. International Soil and Water Conservation Research. 3(4):316–323. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.iswcr.2015.11.003
Biodegradation and Bioremediation 2nd Edition. Academic Press. San Diego.
Ali, A. 2005. Mikrobiologi Dasar. Makassar: Universitas Negeri Makassar Press.
Al-Wasify, R.S., Hamed, S.R. 2014. Bacterial Biodegradation of Crude Oil Using Local Isolates. Journal of Microbiology. 2010:1-8.
Andilas, D.D., Yanggana, L.A. 2017. Pelaksanaan Program Tol Laut PT Pelayaran Nasional Indonesia. Manajemen Transportasi & Logistik. 4(1): 1-8.
Astuti, D.I. 2003. Pemanfaatan Kultur Campuran Isolat Mikroba Lokal untuk Degradasi Minyak Bumi dan Produksi Biosurfaktan. Disertasi Doktor Institut Teknologi Bandung, Bandung.
Atlas, R.M. 1981. Microbial Degradation of Petroleum Hydrocarbon: An Environmental Perspective. Microbiology Reviews. 45:297-308.
Atlas, R.M. 2010. Handbook of Microbiological Media 4th ed. Boca Raton (US): CRC Pr. 1403.
Baker, K.H., Herson, D.S. 1994. Bioremediation. USA: Mc. Gaw-Hill Inc, New York.
Bao, M., Chen, Q., Gong, Y., Li, Y., Wang, H., Jiang, G. 2013. Removal Efficiency of Heavy Oil by Free and Immobilised Microorganisms on Laboratory-Scale. The Canadian Journal of Chemical Engineering. 91(1):1-8.
Chapman, H., Purnell, K., Law, R.J., Kirby, M.F. 2007. The Use of Chemical Dispersants to Combat Oil Spills at Sea: A Review of Practice and Research Needs in Europe. Marine Pollution Bulletin. 54: 827-838.
Cunningham, C.J., Philip, J.C. 2000. Comparison of Bioaugmentation and Biostimulation in Ex Situ Treatment of Diesel Contaminated Soil. Land Contamination & Reclamation Journal. 8(4).
Darmayati, Y., Sanusi, H.S., Prartono, T., Santosa, D.A., Nuchsin, R. 2015. The Efficacy of Bioaugmentation on Remediating Oil Contaminated Sandy Beach Using Mesocosm Approach. Indonesian Journal of Marine Sciences / Ilmu Kelautan. 20(3).
Dzionek, A., Wojcieszyńska, D., Guzik, U. 2016. Natural Carriers in Bioremediation: A review. Electronic Journal of Biotechnology.
Fakhruddin. 2004. Dampak Tumpahan Minyak Pada Biota laut. Career Development Network Jakarta. Faculty of Engineering University of Indonesia.
Gosalam, S., Akbar, T., Silvana, J.L. 2008. Uji Kemampuan Bakteri dari Perairan dalam Mendegradasi Senyawa Minyak Solar. Jurnal Ilmu Kelautan dan Perikanan, Universitas Hasanuddin.
Hassanshahian, M., Cappello, S. 2013. Crude Oil Biodegradation in Marine Environments. Journal of Engineering Technology. 101-136.
Hasyimuddin., Djide, M.N., Samawi, M.F. 2016. Isolasi Bakteri Pendegradasi Minyak Solar dari Perairan Teluk Pare-Pare. Biogenesis. 4(1):41-46.
ITOPF. 2020. Oil Tanker Spill Statistic 2019.
Komarawidjaja, W. 2009. Karakteristik dan Pertumbuhan Konsorsium Mikroba Lokal dalam Media Mengandung Minyak Bumi. Jurnal Teknologi Lingkungan. 10(1):114-119.
Madigan, T.M., Matinko, J.M. 2006. Brock Biology of Microorganisms 11th Edition. Pearsone Prentice Hall, London.
Mujahidawati. 2012. Kajian Sumberdaya Pesisir dan Laut Akibat Pencemaran di Perairan Kecamatan Gunung Kijang Kabupaten Bintan [Tesis]. Bogor (ID): Institut Pertanian Bogor.
Munawar., Mukhtasor., Surtiningsih, T. 2007. Bioremediasi Tumpahan Minyak Mentah dengan Metode Biostimulasi Nutrien Organik di Lingkungan Pantai Surabaya Timur. Berkas Penelitian Hayati: 13:91-96.
Nugroho, A. 2006. Biodegradasi Sludge Minyak Bumi dalam Skala Mikrokosmos: Simulasi Sederhana sebagai Kajian Awal Bioremediasi Land Treatment. Makara Journal of Technology. 10(2):82-89.
Nugroho, A. 2007. Dinamika Populasi Konsorsium Bakteri Hidrokarbonoklastik: Studi Kasus Biodegradasi Hidrokarbon Minyak Bumi Skala Laboratorium (The Dynamic Population of the Bacterial Hydrocarbonoclastic Concorsium in the Crude Oil Sludge Degradation). Ilmu Dasar. 8(1):13-23.
Nybakken, J.W. 1992. Marine Biology: An Ecological Approach. Gramedia, Jakarta.
Obuekwe, C.O., Al-Muttawa, E.M. 2001. Self-Immobilized Bacterial Cultures With Potential for Application as Ready-To-Use Seeds for Petroleum Bioremediation. Biotechnology Letters. 23:1025-1032.
Okoro, C.C. 2010. Enchanced Bioremediation of Hydrocarbon Contaminated Mangrove Swamp in the Nigerian Oil Rich Niger Delta Using Seawater Microbial Inocula Amended with Crude Biosurfactants and Micronutrients. Natural Science. 8(8):195-206.
Pagoray, H. 2009. Biostimulasi dan Bioaugmentasi untuk Bioremediasi Limbah Hidrokarbon serta Analisis Keberlanjutan. Disertasi. Pengelolaan Sumberdaya Alam dan Lingkungan. Program Pascasarjana, Institut Pertanian Bogor.
Podorozhko, E.A., Lozinsky, V.I., Ivshina, I.B., Kuyukina, M.S., Krivorutchko, A.B., Philp, J.C. 2008. Hydrophobised Sawdust as a Carrier for Immobilisation of the Hydrocarbon-Oxidizing Bacterium Rhodococcus Ruber. Bioresource Technology. 99:2001–2008.
Pratama, F.A.M. 2013. Peningkatan Kemampuan Biodegradasi Limbah Cair Berminyak (Oily Wastewater) dengan Metode Ozonasi [tesis]. Depok (ID): Universitas Indonesia.
Qin, X., Tang, J.C., Li, D.S., Zhang, Q.M. 2012. Effect of Salinity on the Bioremedation of Petroleum Hydrocarbons in a Saline-Alkaline Soil. Letters in Applied Microbiology. 55(3):210-217.
Rosenberg, E., Legmann, R., Kushmaro, A., Taube, R., Adler, E., Ron, E. 1992. Petroleum Bioremediation—a Multiphase Problem. Biodegradation. 3:337-350.
Santosa, D.A., Listiyawati, Irawathi, T., Herdiyantoro, D., Ananda, R.W.U., Adiwibowo, S. 2004. Biotechnology for Remediation of Oil Sludge and Petroleum Contaminated Ecosystem Using Bacteria Isolated from Indonesia’s Region. Environment. 6:1-12.
Sawyer, C.N., Carty, M.C. 1978. Chemistry for Environmental Engineering. 3rd ed. Mc Graw Hill Kogakusha Ltd.: 405-486.
Sihag, S., Pathak, H., Jaroli, D.P. 2014. Factors Affecting The Rate of Biodegradation of Polyaromatic Hydrocarbons. International Journal of Pure & Applied Bioscience. 2:185-202.
Sugoro, I. 2002. Bioremediasi Sludge Limbah Minyak Bumi Lahan Tercemar dengan Teknik Landfarming dalam Skala Laboratorium. Tesis Magister Biologi Institut Teknologi Bandung, Bandung.
Swingle, H.S. 1969. Methods of Analysis for Waters, Organic Matter and Pond Bottom Soils Used in Fisheries Research. Auburn University. 119
Syakti, A.D., Yani, M., Hidayati, N.V., Siregar, A.S., Doumenq, P., Sudiana, I.M.M. 2013. The Bioremediation Potential of Hydrocarbonoclastic Bacteria Isolated From a Mangrove Contaminated by Petroleum Hydrocarbons on the Cilacap Coast Indonesia. Bioremediation Journal. 17(1):11-20.
Thamer, M., Al-Kubaisi, A.R., Zahraw, Z., Abdullah, H.A., Hindy, I., Khadium, A.A. 2013. Biodegradation of Kirkuk Light Crude Oil by Bacillus thuringiensis, Northern of Iraq. Natural Science. 5:865-873.
Thapa, B., Ajay, K.K.C., Ghimire, A. 2012. A Review on Bioremediation of Petroleum Hydrocarbon Contaminant in Soil. Science Engineering and Technology. 8(1):164-170.
Triana, E., Yulianto, E., Nurhidayat, N. 2006. Uji Viabilitas Lactobacillussp. Mar 8 terenkapsulasi. Biodiversitas. 7:114-117.
UMROH. 2011. Bioremediasi Pencemaran Minyak di Sedimen Pantai Balongan, Indramayu dengan Menggunakan Bakteri Alcanivorax sp. TE-9 Skala Laboratorium. Akuatik-Jurnal Sumberdaya Perairan. 5(2):23-31.
Van Hamme, J.D., Singh, A., Ward, O.P. 2003. Recent Advances in Petroleum Microbiology. Microbiology and Molecular Biology Review. 67(4):503-549.
Verania. 2002. Pengaruh Variasi Jumlah Bakteri Penghasil Biosurfaktan dan Bakteri Pendegradasi terhadap Biodegradasi Limbah Minyak Bumi. Tesis Magister Biologi Institut Teknologi, Bandung.
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.20884/1.oa.2021.17.1.879

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Omni-Akuatika by Fisheries and Marine Science Faculty - Jenderal Soedirman University is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.